Latin: From Rome to the World

>of Classical Latin. The spoken language of the
The rise of Latin is connected with the rise of theWestern Roman Empire was Vulgar Latin, which
Roman Republic and later with the Roman Empire.differs from Classical Latin in grammar, vocabulary,
The decline and fall of the Roman Empire did notand pronunciation.
however end its influence.Latin remained the legal language of the Roman
The rise of the Latin language is linked to the rise ofEmpire but the Greek language became the dominant
the Roman Empire. The decline and eventual fall oflanguage in the eastern reaches of the Empire
the Roman Empire did not however end its influence.particularly with the rise of the Byzantine Empire
Roman conquest brought the Latin language to muchafter the final split of the Roman Empires in 395 C.E.
of present day Europe as well as the farthestWith the survival and at times flourishing of the
reaches of the Empire and its seeds eventually gaveByzantine Empire, Greek supplanted Latin as the legal
birth to the languages spoken in present day regionslanguage and its long status as lingua franca of most
of France, Italy, Romania, Spain, and Portugal. TheseEastern citizens was recognized. It remained the de
languages include Italian, French, Spanish, Portuguese,facto language of both education in Europe until the
Romanian, Catalan, and Romansh among various17th century.
other minor languages.By the 17th century, a noticeable decline in Latin
The expansion of the Roman Empire spread Latinbecame clear. Vulgar Latin nevertheless was
throughout Europe, and, eventually, Latin dialectspreserved in various regional dialects.
emerged based on the location of its speakers.Latin survives in the Catholic Church which recently
Vulgar Latin gradually evolved into a number ofauthorized the return of the Latin Mass. Latin
distinct Romance languages by the 9th century CE.vocabulary is also present in science and law and
The fall of the Western Roman Empire did not bringcontinues to be taught in many primary, grammar,
about the end of Latin however. This was due in partand secondary schools.
to the almost simultaneous rise of the Christianity viaOne area of interest that differentiates Latin and its
the Catholic Church. The Catholic Church maintainedRomance descendants is that Romance languages
Latin as the language of liturgy and Scripture bywith the exception of Romanian, no longer maintain
extension established it as the lingua franca oftheir case endings in most words, except for some
educated echelons of society in the West.pronouns.
Surviving Roman literature consists largely in the form